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  Kohlberg's Moral Dilemma Experiment The Heinz Dilemma Three Levels and Six Stages of Moral Development Level 1: Pre-Conventional Morality (Typically Children) Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation Rules are followed to avoid punishment. Actions are judged by their consequences. "I won't steal because I might be punished." Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange Focus on personal benefit and rewards. "What's in it for me?" "I'll help you if you help me." Level 2: Conventional Morality (Adolescents and Many Adults) Stage 3: Good Boy–Good Girl Orientation Desire to gain approval from others. Being seen as a "good person." "I help others because people will appreciate me." Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation Respect for laws and authority. Maintaining social order. "Stealing is wrong because it breaks the law." Level 3: Post-Conventional Morality (Some Adults) Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation Laws are impo...

Jean Piaget was one of the most influential thinkers in developmental psychology. A Swiss psychologist, biologist, and epistemologist, Piaget devoted much of his career to understanding how children think, learn, and construct knowledge. Rather than viewing children as simply smaller versions of adults, he argued that children develop distinctive ways of reasoning as they grow. His work combined psychology with philosophy and biology, creating an approach often described as genetic epistemology—the study of how knowledge develops. Through careful observations and experiments with children, Piaget proposed that intellectual development progresses through qualitatively different stages. Who Was Jean Piaget? Jean Piaget was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, in 1896. He showed an early interest in biology and natural science and published scientific work while still young. Although he initially trained as a biologist, his interests gradually expanded toward questions about knowledge and huma...